Dark factories will dominate industries, but challenges such as AI reliability, job losses, and technological dependencies must be addressed. As China continues to innovate and refine its automation strategy, the rest of the world must adapt or risk falling behind. Our research shows that it is likely that some Chinese brokers are actively involved in the sale of chemicals on the darknet. For example, we identified sellers on Incognito Market that shipped from China a number of the chemicals that are offered by most of the Chinese suppliers we studied.
Table 11
This might make threat actors in the West feel less confident in initiating activities on such monitored platforms and could shift their focus to Chinese-speaking forums. In Europe, notable sites like the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial, and the Chernobyl Tour in Ukraine have already established themselves as major dark tourism destinations. Meanwhile, the United States continues to attract visitors to sites like Ground Zero in New York City, the Salem Witch Museum in Massachusetts, and the Gettysburg Battlefield. Now, thanks to the scrutiny of one team of crypto crime researchers and Telegram’s ban hammer, it’s gone.
Explicit And Illegal Content

After Huione’s billions of USDT-denominated sales were traced back to those notorious pig-butchering scams, Telegram went on a banning spree, wiping out thousands of channels and usernames. They just packed up and moved to Tudou Guarantee, where Huione owns a 30% stake. Notably, Abacus explicitly forbids highly dangerous goods, including weapons, explosives, and exploitative material, which has helped maintain a relatively favorable reputation among its user base. By using the blog, you agree that the information on this blog does not constitute legal, financial or any other form of professional advice. No relationship is created with you, nor any duty of care assumed to you, when you use this blog. The blog is not a substitute for obtaining any legal, financial or any other form of professional advice from a suitably qualified and licensed advisor.

🛡️ How Axis Intelligence Strengthens Cybersecurity
The power and integrity of OFAC sanctions derive not only from OFAC’s ability to designate and add persons to the SDN List, but also from its willingness to remove persons from the SDN List consistent with the law. The ultimate goal of sanctions is not to punish, but to bring about a positive change in behavior. For information concerning the process for seeking removal from an OFAC list, including the SDN List, please refer to OFAC’s Frequently Asked Question 897 here.
Government Shared Services

The relationship between the Darkweb and SDG 3, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, can also be described as inverse. The Darkweb is often used as a platform for the illegal drug trade, which can negatively impact public health, such as increasing the availability of harmful substances, substance abuse, and overdose. The Darkweb can also be used to sell counterfeit medicines, which can be dangerous and ineffective and contribute to the spread of disease. It can also be used as a platform to promote online health scams, misleading people into buying fake or ineffective treatments and discouraging people from seeking legitimate medical care. The Darkweb can also be a breeding ground for misinformation, which can negatively impact public health. Research on the Darkweb could provide insights into cybercrime, illicit trade, and other activities that could undermine peace and stability.
The platform’s activity has increased significantly over the past year, indicating its growing influence and market share in the underground economy. Due to its extensive inventory and reputation for reliability, Brian’s Club has maintained a significant presence on the dark web. Quality and validity of the data it provides justify its higher cost over other marketplaces.

Key Players
At the same time, the growing need for energy efficiency and sustainability accelerates the adoption of smart, environmentally friendly production methods, opening new avenues for the dark factories industry’s growth. Europe dominated the dark factories market with the largest market revenue share of 50.0% in 2024, owing to the region’s strong manufacturing base, combined with labor shortages and high operational costs, which is driving the shift toward automation. Government support for smart manufacturing and energy-efficient production is accelerating adoption. Industry 4.0 policies further encourage integration of robotics, AI, and IIoT, positioning Europe as a leader in the dark factories industry.
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On one chemical website, for example, after adding the items to our online shopping cart, we clicked on the check-out button. On the next page, we could see the product, a coupon code, the option to use a gift certificate, the shipping estimate, and the estimated tax. However, during field work in Sinaloa, one clandestine producer said he had purchased such a kit for the production of fentanyl from a China-based vendor. What’s more, some of these companies had ventured beyond the mere trade in chemical precursors, extending their operations into teaching consumers how to synthesize fentanyl and other synthetic drugs. In fact, a few offered detailed recipes and instructions as part of their sales pitches. “A company mainly engaged in high quality pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals pharmaceutical intermediaries and other related products research and development and sales for the integration of high-tech enterprises,” one read.
The China Bottled Water Market is projected to grow from USD25,239.00 million in 2024 to an estimated USD48,779.46 million based on 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) 8.59% from 2025 to 2032. OFAC’s Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines provide more information regarding OFAC’s enforcement of U.S. sanctions, including the factors that OFAC generally considers when determining an appropriate response to an apparent violation. In addition, financial institutions and other persons that engage in certain transactions or activities with the sanctioned individual may expose themselves to sanctions or be subject to an enforcement action. The prohibitions include the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any designated person, or the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person. By consistently applying these straightforward security tips, you can significantly mitigate risks and better protect your privacy, finances, and legal standing when interacting with dark-web marketplaces.
Finally, the results of a bibliometric analysis can be influenced by the search terms used. The search terms should be narrow enough for the resulting data to reflect the research on a particular topic accurately. A further limitation of bibliometric analyses that rely on abstract databases such as Scopus or Google Scholar is that the coverage of these databases may need to be completed. These databases may include only some relevant papers, particularly those published in less well-known or less prestigious journals or languages other than English 86. This can lead to a biased view of the research landscape, as papers not included in the database will not be included in the analysis. We used VOSviewer 46,47 to create a visualization of the keyword co-occurrence network.
We spoke with numerous students pursuing their degrees at those universities and others. Most of the students did not seem concerned that some of the companies and websites that were courting them may have connections to the precursor industry. To the students, these entities appeared legitimate, offering avenues for financial independence and income to help their elders.

A 2020 study found that almost 57% of sites on the Tor network hosted some form of illegal content. It’s known for its strong security features (like a trusted escrow system, PGP two-factor authentication) and anonymity. In fact, everything is in English, and the site picks up users everywhere in the world.
- Elliptic has amassed a comprehensive dataset of crypto wallets used by fentanyl dealers to facilitate this deadly trade.
- This sordid exchange was portrayed as a method of maintaining guanxi – friendly relations that often result from a corrupt exchange — between these officials’ families and their businesses.
- Although market regulators have expressed concern over the rise in dark trading, our results indicate that dark markets provide important benefits to traders that lit markets do not.
- Later, in 2013, Silk Road caught the attention of law enforcement and policymakers like US Senator Charles Schumer, who publicly called for a federal crackdown.
- Its interface is easy to navigate, and it has a reliable escrow system, as well as allowing payments with Bitcoin and Monero.
A clip from inside a factory in China has given us another uneasy glimpse into the future of employment as artificial intelligence takes hold. Dark factories use automated air purification systems and dust-removal technology to maintain pristine environments without human contamination. To remain anonymous about your purchases on the dark web, always use cryptocurrency as your mode of payment. If a seller encourages you to opt for other well-known and commonly used payment methods, then the person is likely to be a scammer, and you must not make any deal with them. Changing the Tor browser settings can further boost your security levels on the dark web shops.